Effect of craniofacial growth pattern on head posture

Head posture refers to the upright position of the head of a standing or sitting subject. The literature reports that head posture is affected by many factors. Objective: To evaluate differences in head posture according to craniofacial growth pattern. Methods: A total of 163 individuals (83 females and 80 males) were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups according to ANB angle as Class I, Class II, and Class III, and each group was divided further into three subgroups according to SN/GoGn angle as hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent. The patients were compared in terms of head posture measurements. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the main and interactive effects of vertical growth pattern and malocclusion type on the head posture of the patients. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference between malocclusion and face-type groups was observed in all head posture measurements (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Head posture is similar among subgroups of different malocclusion types separated by vertical growth pattern.No sponso

Asociación entre postura cráneo cervical y maloclusiones Una revisión

 The biomechanical relationship between the cranio-cervical segment and alterations in the form  and  function of the stomatognathic system has been a highly controversial topic, due to its influence on numerous and different aspects with which it is linked, such as respiratory function, temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, or maxillomandibula relationships. The objective of this study was to determine the association between the alterations of the cervical cranial posture and the malocclusions, by means of a bibliographic review using as strategies, the search in the databases PubMed (Medline), SciELO; Redalyc, LILACS; articles between 2015-2019 published in English, Spanish and/or Portuguese were included. A total of 445  publications  were  obtained, 427 were excluded after the evaluation of titles and abstracts, leaving 18 articles for reading and analysis, finally resulting in 8 articles included in this study. It was determined that there is little scientific evidence with appropriate designs to determine an association between the biomechanical relationship of the head, cervical spine and teeth, in addition there is evidence of lack of homogeneity between the measurements that determine the alterations of the cranio-cervical segment in the different studies.   La relación biomecánica entre el segmento cráneo cervical y las alteraciones de forma y función del sistema estomatognático ha sido un tema muy controversial, por su influencia en numerosos y distintos aspectos con los cuales se le vincula, como la función respiratoria, disfunciones de la articulación temporomandibular, o relaciones maxilomandibulares. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre las alteraciones de la postura cráneo cervical y las maloclusiones, mediante una revisión utilizando como estrategias, la búsqueda en  las bases de datos PubMed (Medline), SciELO; Redalyc, LILACS; se incluyeron articulos comprendidos entre 2015-2019 publicados en idiomas ingles, español y/o portugues. Se obtuvieron 445 publicaciones, 427 fueron excluidas luego de la evaluación de los títulos y resúmenes, quedando 18 artículos para la lectura y análisis, resultando finalmente 8 artículos incluidos en este estudio. Se determinó que existe poca evidencia científica con diseños apropiados para determinar una asociación entre la relación biomecánica de cabeza, columna cervical y piezas dentarias, además se evidencia la falta de homogeneidad entre las mediciones que determinan las alteraciones del segmento cráneo cervical en los distintos estudios.

Correlation between occlusion and posture

Hoje em dia, as pessoas estão muito preocupadas com o aspeto estético dos dentes sem pensar à importância do aspeto funcional da boca e do sistema estomatognático. Uma boa oclusão dentária desempenha um papel fundamental na mastigação, na fala e na deglutição. Se houver um desequilíbrio na oclusão, vários sintomas como dores agudas ou crónicas, podem ocorrer na cabeça e pescoço. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste numa revisão sistemática integrativa para ver se existe uma correlação entre a oclusão e postura, e se for o caso, quais os níveis de alterações existentes na coluna vertebral em função do tipo de oclusão. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica na Pubmed com duas combinações de palavras chave: " malocclusion " AND " posture " OR " dental occlusion " AND " posture ". Dos 261 artigos encontrados, 28 relevantes foram selecionados. 68% dos artigos estabeleceram uma correlação positiva, 25% uma corelação negativa e 7% uma correlação parcial. A maioria dos autores observaram uma extensão da cabeça para os indivíduos de classe II esquelética e uma flexão da cabeça para os de classe III esquelética, acompanhado de uma assimetria do corpo leve a moderada, seguindo o tipo de oclusão. Alguns tratamentos como RPE, Invisalign ou cirurgia ortodôntica, também permitiram de corrigir a oclusão e, portanto, a postura. O corpo é um sistema dinâmico onde a visão e o grau de severidade da maloclusão podem modificar a relação oclusão/postura e criar alterações compensatórias na postura e equilíbrio corporal

Association between Orthopedic and Dental Findings: What Level of Evidence is Available?

Objective:: The aim of this systematic review was to provide comprehensive access to and an analysis of the specialist literature published through December 2005 describing a correlation between orthopedic (leg-length inequality, pelvis obliquity, column diseases and head posture) and dental findings (occlusion, mandibular position, temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles). Method:: Four medical and dental internet sources (PubMed; Medpilot.de; databases of the Deutsche Ärzte-Verlag and Quintessenz-Verlag) were screened for relevant articles using carefully selected retrieval strategies and keywords. Bibliographies of relevant articles were examined for further pertinent publications. All relevant articles were tabulated according to their year of publication, the subject area discussed, and the levels of scientific evidence. Results:: Our electronic inquiry yielded 359 relevant articles (electronic search: 195, search in bibliographies: 164), 355 of which could be analyzed. A correlation between dental findings and spinal column diseases was described in 266 articles, head posture in 216, pelvis obliquity in 53, and leg-length inequality in 35 papers. In 131 publications, conclusions were drawn from dental to orthopedic findings, whereas they were drawn from orthopedic to dental findings in 171 articles. The number of relevant articles rose significantly, particularly since the 1980's. Classification in levels of evidence reveals three publications (0.8%) with level II (randomized controlled trials), 63 (17.7%) with level III (experimental studies with no randomization, cohort studies, or case-control studies), 178 (50.1%) with level IV (non-experimental studies, such as cross-sectional trials, case series, case reports), and 111 (31.3%) with level V (narrative review or expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal). Conclusions:: 1) While there is great interest in possible correlations between orthopedic and dental findings in the specialist literature, most publications fail to provide the hard facts and solid evidence characteristic of high-quality research. 2) This literature analysis attests to the importance of searching electronic databases while making the inherent weaknesses of such searches obvious. Manual literature searches remain essentia

The influence of craniofacial morphology on the upper airway dimensions

Publisher Copyright: © 2015 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.Objective: To evaluate the influence of craniofacial morphology on the upper airway dimensions in healthy adult subjects. Materials and Methods: The records of 276 healthy 17 - to 27-year-old patients were extracted from the cone-beam computed tomography image database of the Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University. Dolphin 11.7 software was used to evaluate craniofacial anatomy and semiautomatic segmentation of the upper airway. Measurements of oropharyngeal airway volume (OPV), minimal cross-sectional area (CSAmin), and nasopharyngeal airway volume (NPV) were obtained. The presence of adenoid tissues was recorded. Associations between variables were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors that had a possible influence on upper airway dimensions. Results: The following factors were identified as influencing the variability of NPV (23%): SNA angle, gender, and presence of adenoids. Statistically significant, although weak, correlations were found between SNB angle and OPV (r = 0.144, P <.05) and CSAmin (r = 0.182, P <.01). Conclusion: The results suggest that craniofacial morphology alone does not have a significant influence on upper airway dimensions.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Hyoid bone position in different facial skeletal patterns

Hyoid bone plays a significant role in physiological functions of craniofacial region and it?s position adapts to changes of the head. The purpose of this study was to determine the position of the hyoid bone among subjects with class I, class II and class III skeletal patterns and evaluate the gender differences. One hundred and ten lateral cephalograms (59 females and 51 males) from different skeletal patterns (class I, II and III) were selected. The skeletal patterns were determined according to ANB angle. Using MicroDicom software, different linear and angular measurements (6 variables) was carried out to determine the position of hyoid bone. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to verify reliability. Descriptive statistics of the variables were calculated and analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni statistical methods. The mean distance from the hyoid bone (H) to mandibular plane (MP), to palatal plane (PP), as well as to a third cervical vertebra (C3) was more in males than females (p=0.023, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively). The mean H to PP distance was significantly more in skeletal class I compared to class III (P=0.01). The mean H to C3 distance was significantly more in skeletal class I compared to class II (P=0.008). The mean angle between H-MP and H-PP did not show any statistical difference among three skeletal classes (p=0.102, P=0.213) and among male and female groups (P=0.172, P=0.904). The hyoid bone is positioned more superior and posterior in females than males and its location differs among different skeletal classes. It is placed more posterior in skeletal class II patterns and more inferior and anterior in skeletal class I patterns

Alteraciones en la postura como etiología de anomalías dentomaxilares : Scoping Review

Trabajo de titulación (Licenciado en Odontología)Investigar la alteración postural corporal y cervical como etiología de anomalías dentomaxilares, mediante una revisión exploratoria. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en el rango entre enero de 2010 y julio de 2020. Se incluyeron estudios con métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, y se excluyeron aquellos que no se ajustaron al marco conceptual propuesto. Resultados: Se revisaron 11 publicaciones, correspondientes a estudios transversales, que relacionaron las condiciones en el plano sagital, transversal y vertical, mediante la evaluación cefalométrica de la clase esqueletal, o mediante la examinación clínica y clase molar. Lo más reportado fue una mayor extensión de cabeza, según parámetros de Solow, en sujetos clase II. Se reportó flexión asociada significativamente a clase III, y a mordida abierta anterior esqueletal y apiñamiento dentario. La lordosis cervical mostró asociación significativa con la curvatura rectificada en clase III, y no significativamente, con la curvatura acentuada en clase II. Se correlacionó positivamente la lordosis con rotación mandibular posterior y ángulo de base de cráneo aumentado. Las alteraciones posturales corporales fueron significativas en anomalías dentomaxilares transversales. Conclusiones: La evidencia es inadecuada para establecer etiología por ser estudios transversales. La mayor relación entre postura craneocervical y anomalías dentomaxilares es en el plano sagital, en la extensión de la cabeza de clases II esqueletales. Entre postura corporal y anomalías dentomaxilares es en el plano transversal, en la escoliosis y la mordida cruzada. El diagnóstico postural corporal fue mediante examinación clínica, y el de alteración cervical mediante cefalometría. Se necesitan estudios con metodología homologada, idealmente longitudinales.To investigate the corporal and cervical postural alteration as an etiology of dentomaxillary anomalies, through an scoping review. Methodology: An electronic research was carried out in the range between january 2010 and july 2020. Studies with quantitative and qualitative methods were included, and excluded those that did not adjust to the theoretical framework proposed. Results: 11 publications were reviewed, corresponding to cross-sectional studies, which linked the conditions in the sagittal, transversal and vertical planes, through the cephalometric evaluation of the skeletal class, or by means of the clinical examination and molar class. The most reported was an increased head extension, according to Solow parameters, in class II subjects. Head flexion was significantly associated with class III, and with skeletal anterior open bite, and lower crowding. Cervical lordosis showed significant association with straighter cervical curvature in class III, and a non-significantly with heightened cervical curvature in class II subjects. Lordosis was also positively correlated with posterior jaw rotation and an increased cranial base angle. Body postural alterations were significantly associated with transversal dentomaxillary abnormalities. Conclusions: The evidence is inadequate to establish etiology due to cross-sectional studies. The higher relation between craniocervical posture and dentomaxillary abnormalities are in the sagittal plane, with the extension of the head in skeletal class II subjects. While posture alterations and dentomaxillary abnormalities are the transversal plane, between scoliosis and crossbite. Body posture diagnosis has been made primarily with clinical examination, and cervical postural impairment through cephalometry has been used for evaluation. Studies with approved methodology, ideally longitudinal studies are needed